Enunciados de questões e informações de concursos
A year later, the American economist, Hollis Chenery, was invited to Santiago to give the ECLA Lectures. His main concern was to stimulate interest in input-output analysis and linear programming for investment planning in developing countries. But he also made a spirited plea for structuralism:
“A central problem of development policy is the adequacy of free market forces in allocating investment resources.... The traditional view of economic policy in Western countries is derived from the classical theory of competitive equilibrium.... The main policy implication of this model is that, under static conditions of perfect competition, market forces will tend to bring about the best of a country’s resources.”
He pointed out that the Keynesian revolution, while successfully challenging classical theory in relation to short-term fluctuations in income and employment, had left its conclusions on longer-term resource allocation virtually unaffected. He identified departures from competition, dynamic causes and equity considerations as the ‘three kinds of defect in the free price-mechanism as an instrument for achieving the maximum social welfare and listed, under the first heading, such obstacles as inadequate information, restrictions on entry into occupations and limited access to capital.
“Theses factors combine to produce a rigid market structure, prevalent monopoly positions, immobile labor and capital, and consequently great inequalities in the returns to labor and capital in different uses... Serious structural disequilibrium in the use of labor, natural resources or foreign exchange represents one of the situations justifying state intervention in investment decisions.”
According to Chenery:
Item 2 - Inequalities in the returns to labor and capital in different uses stem from rigid market structures where monopoly prevails, and labor and capital lack mobility.
Outras questões do mesmo concurso: ANPEC / ExSN (ANPEC) / 2003
